نشریه مطالعات کارآفرینی و توسعه پایدار کشاورزی
سال نهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 35، پاییز 1401)

The position of start-up businesses in the economy and their role in solving countries' problems is becoming more prominent day by day. Some countries, aware of the importance of this issue, have been able to create a suitable ecosystem for the development of this type of business. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the obstacles facing start-ups in the agricultural sector and to provide solutions for their development. In terms of approach, the current research is mixed and sequential-exploratory. The statistical population in the qualitative section included those owners of start-ups in the field of agriculture who had experience and education related to the subject. This research was done in three stages: 1) Analyzing the current business situation of agricultural startups in Iran, 2) Identifying and prioritizing obstacles and limitations of startups, 3) Identifying and prioritizing solutions for the growth of startups. I see. According to the results, the main source of income for startups was from the sale of products. The majority of startup owners stated that they started their business with personal capital and did not get help from government support. The most important obstacle was related to the ruling laws and regulations. The government nature of the domestic markets, the difficulty of accessing primary data from the market, and the lack of transparency of the capital market were among the obstacles that made the risk of entering such businesses difficult.

Nowadays, the training of competent managers has become one of the most key concepts in the field of management, and according to many academic and industrial experts, it can be one of the main approaches to the success of organizations and, beyond that, different industries of a country in national and transnational contexts. The purpose of the current research is to develop a model of financial competence of managers in production companies affiliated to agricultural cooperatives. The current research was applied in terms of its purpose and in terms of the method of data collection, it was field-library. This research was conducted as a qualitative research with a data base theory approach. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 16 experts and financial managers in producing companies affiliated to agricultural cooperatives using the purposeful snowball sampling method. After performing three stages of open, central and selective coding and analyzing the data by MaxQuda software, 268 primary codes, 49 components and 17 categories were extracted, and finally by determining the causal conditions (inherent and acquired skills), background conditions ( individual and organizational background), intervening conditions (intra-organizational, extra-organizational, technical, legal and public), central category (managers' financial competence), strategies (strategic skills, organizational strategy and new strategy) and consequences (intra-organizational and extra-organizational consequences) financial competence model Managers were presented. It is suggested to create a platform to raise the skills of financial managers in organizations, to provide the basis for training competent managers and consequently improve the organization's performance.

The acceleration of developments in the fields of scientific, political, economic, social and cultural has made achieving progress to be a pre-planned process based on futures study and participation. In the challenging process, the opportunities and resources aren't enough. All the requirements of the progress aren't equal in importance and priority. A recommended measure for all the nations is to exploit their scientific, economic, social, cultural resources with maximum efficiency and effectiveness. Such a recommendation for the country is the inclusion of all material and spiritual assets in the process of progress. In the paper, with a positivist guidance approach and the use of documents and experiences and the systems thinking, a mechanism for national work division has been developed to start implementing the Iranian Islamic model of progress. Based on the fate of the existing national documents, it will be difficult or even impossible to move within the framework of the existing model without the precise and possibility of monitoring provision of conditions, measures and measures. Based on the mechanism presented in the study, using the methods of systems analysis, process and project management, the model of progress as a "comprehensive system" should first be divided into several meaningful "systems", "subsystems" and "activities", secondly, the "main" and "partner" national institutions in charge of the implementation of each of the systems, subsystems and activities should be determined, thirdly, a "flexible timetable" should be designed and established for the implementation, monitoring and reporting of the performance of each of the activities.

The main objective of this quantitative-qualitative research was to analyzing the mental preferences of paddy farmers towards second cultivation in Rasht County. The statistical population of the study consisted of 30 progressive farmers in Rasht County who were selected by purposive sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS22 and Expert Choice11 softwares. The reliability and Validity of the questionnaire was approved by calculating the Cronbach's alpha and construct validity.The Findings showed that "lack of government support for the production and sale of these products, lack of successful model farms in cultivating alternative crops under government management" and "lack of an appropriate market for these products» with a ratio of 93, 90 and 73%, were the most important barriers to farmers' willingness to second cultivation, respectively. Also, the most important factors determining the type of cultivation were revenue generation, production costs and market for products, respectively. The results showed that, ratoon and local beans were in the highest ranks in the farmers' mental preferences in growing crops based on revenue generation, sales and production cost criteria, but in terms of water scarcity and employment criteria, local beans and forage were in the highest ranks, respectively. Overall, the results showed that, ratoon with a weight value above 0.453 was in the first priority in second cropping pattern and local beans and forage (with 0.353 and 0.087 weights) were in the next priorities, respectively. Designing an optimal cropping pattern, guaranteed purchase, establishing model farms and development of conversion industries are suggested.

Today, the development of the agricultural sector is not possible without relying on efficient information and the use of new technologies, and the use of information technology to develop and update information and tools related to entrepreneurial activities in this sector leads to job creation and value creation. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the components of entrepreneurship development in the agricultural sector based on information technology. This study is of qualitative type (content analysis and Delphi). In order to prepare the data, first, by reviewing the theoretical foundations and previous studies through content analysis method, the components of entrepreneurship development in the agricultural sector based on information technology were identified and through Delphi method, these components were approved and prioritized. In the content analysis method, subjective methods were used to analyze the data and in the Delphi method, descriptive statistics such as counting, percentages were used to analyze the data of questionnaires and interviews. In the content analysis method, 27 indicators were extracted as factors for entrepreneurship development in the agricultural sector and reached the Delphi stage. In three rounds of Delphi, 13 indicators were added to the indicators and out of 40 indicators, only 8 indicators were not agreed upon by the experts. The results showed that the factors affecting the development of information and communication technology consist of 9 components (legal infrastructure, technical infrastructure, educational-extension infrastructure, managerial infrastructure, cultural infrastructure) and 32 indicators that play a fundamental role in business development.

Nowadays, rural youth are fewer tendencies to settle in rural areas and engage in agricultural activities, while the future of agricultural development in any country depends on rural youth. Considering the importance of the employment of rural youth in agriculture, this qualitative research was conducted with the aim of Analysis of reasons for the decrease tendency of rural youth to agricultural occupation. The population of the study included the rural youth in Cheleh District of Gilan-e-Gharb Township. The main data collection tool was in-depth interviews with rural youth who were studied through purposive sampling and snowball method. Analysis of data collected by content analysis method using MAX-QDA12 software led to the identification of 32 concepts related to the most important reasons for the decrease tendency of rural youth to agricultural occupation, which in the form of 5 main categories including 1) high risk for agricultural occupation, 2) low income and difficulty of agricultural profession, 3) negative attitude towards the village, 4) lack of health and welfare facilities in the village and 5) lack of enough credit in the agricultural sector. The findings of this study indicate the fact that rural youth prefer non-agricultural occupations to agriculture, which may be due to the high profitability and convenience of those occupations. Therefore, the need seems to help with coherent and appropriate planning to increase utility in rural areas, which can create a sense of belonging, participation, capital, entrepreneurship development, vitality to the village and the rural environment.

the main objective of this research was to investigate the effects and consequences of sustainable agriculture activity in the framework of the project “modeling local community participation in lake Urmia restoration via establishment of sustainable agriculture and biodiversity conservation”. This research was a descriptive-correlational study in terms of research method. The statistical population of the research consisted of all participants in sustainable agriculture activity in the villages covered by phases 6 and 7 of the project in the provinces of West Azerbaijan and East Azerbaijan (N = 900). According to the table of Bartlett et al. (2001), 251 persons of the participants were selected using multi-stage random sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. A pilot study was conducted to determine the reliability of the research instrument. The results of exploratory factor analysis revealed that the effects and consequences of sustainable agriculture activity were classified into three factors: environmental, social and economic, respectively, and explained a total of about 59 percent of the variances of project implementation effects. In general, according to the results, it can be concluded that in accordance with the three main dimensions of sustainable development, the implementation of sustainable agriculture activity has been able to improve the livelihoods of local communities through social capacity building and modeling the participation of local communities in parallel with paying attention to environmental considerations.

This study aimed to rate the entrepreneurship components in agricultural tourism with an interpretive structural modeling approach. In this qualitative research, Grounded Theory Method was used to identify the components, and interpretive structural modeling approach was used to rate them. In this regard, deep interviews were conducted with experts in the field of tourism and agriculture. The interviewees were selected using purposive sampling method and snowball technique. The criterion of sampling adequacy was the data theoretical saturation which obtained in the twentieth interview. After conducting the interviews, the components were extracted based on the Grounded Theory within three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Accordingly, "climatic and environmental attractions, diversity of cultivation patterns and experience and attitudes of tourists" as causal conditions, "rural planning and migration system" as intervening conditions and "capacity building and government support" as context conditions were identified. Strategies include "advertising and branding, management and planning, training and empowerment, and optimization of tourism patterns" and the consequences include "entrepreneurship development and job creation and economic growth and welfare". Also, using interpretive structural modeling, it was determined that advertising and branding, diversity of cultivation patterns and climatic and environmental attractions were at the fourth level, education and empowerment at the third level, tourism models selectivity at the second level and management and planning, capacity building and government support and experience and attitude of tourists came first. Therefore, it is suggested to encourage the private sector to invest in tourism-related infrastructure through advertising and proper awareness.

Entrepreneurship is recognized as an essential factor in the enhancement of the economic situation by creating new employment and income opportunities. Technological entrepreneurship has an important role in the process of creating a regional economy. When there are many technological organizations in a country, and the level of technological entrepreneurship is high, it has a positive impact on the country in which the organizations exist. The need for technological entrepreneurship is because technology-based industries are expanding rapidly and are replacing traditional industries. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the design of the technological entrepreneurship capabilities model by considering the sustainable competitive advantage in dairy industries cooperatives in the north of Iran using a structural interpretive approach. This was qualitative research with a meta-analytical approach. The statistical population of this study was 50 theoretical and experimental experts in the field of the dairy industry in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. The research data collection tool was a purposive interview. Data were analyzed using the Fuzzy Delphi method and fuzzy analytic network process (ANP). The results of technological entrepreneurship capability screening identified 36 indicators and 5 components, and 30 indicators and 4 components, with the name of sustainable competitive advantage, as factors affecting technological entrepreneurship capabilities. Based on these results, it can be claimed that technological entrepreneurship capabilities can be derived from a sustainable competitive advantage in the industry and by creating a suitable environment to strengthen technological entrepreneurship and the economic prosperity of the country.